Which pair correctly identifies two common causes of globalization?

• A. Advances in technology and liberalization of trade.
• B. Increased isolation and tariff barriers.
• C. Decline in international travel and reduced communication.
• D. Domestic market focus and autarky.

Answer: (A)

Globalization is driven by forces that increase cross-border connectedness in economies, cultures, and information. Two key drivers are rapid advances in technology and the liberalization of trade. Technology makes it much cheaper and faster to communicate, share ideas, and move goods and people around the world—think the internet, logistics networks, and affordable air travel. Liberalization of trade removes barriers like tariffs and quotas, making it easier for companies to sell internationally and for countries to specialize and invest abroad. Together, these push countries toward more integrated markets and exchanges.

The other options describe forces that reduce global linkages: isolation and tariff barriers limit cross-border exchange; a drop in international travel and communication slows connections; and focusing on domestic markets with autarky emphasizes self-sufficiency over international integration.