Globalization can affect national sovereignty in two main ways. Which statement describes one of these effects?

• A. It increases a country's autonomy by reducing dependence.
• B. It constrains sovereignty through economic interdependence.
• C. It replaces national laws with supranational laws.
• D. It has no effect on sovereignty.

Answer: (B)

Globalization often links a country’s economy to others through trade, investment, and global institutions, so a state’s policy choices aren’t made in isolation. When economies are interdependent, actions like free trade commitments, foreign investment, and regulatory alignment with international markets can limit how freely a government can pursue its preferred economic policies. If a country wants to keep access to markets, attract capital, or avoid sanctions, it may need to follow rules set by trade agreements or international bodies, even if that means adjusting policies or priorities at home. That mutual reliance and the need to fit into a broader system is what constrains sovereignty in practice, making the statement that globalization constrains sovereignty through economic interdependence the best description.

The idea that globalization increases a country’s autonomy by reducing dependence runs contrary to how interdependence works—economic ties usually create vulnerabilities and expectations of reciprocity. The notion that it replaces national laws with supranational laws overstates the reach of international rules in most contexts; national laws still exist, even if they are shaped or limited by international agreements. Saying globalization has no effect is also inaccurate, given how trade rules, investment flows, and international norms influence domestic decision-making.